Chapter 8 Reading Guide the Presidency Answers List 3 Constitutional Duties of the President

From the President, to the Vice President, to the Chiffonier, learn more almost the Executive Branch of the government of the United States.

The power of the Executive Branch is vested in the President of the United States, who besides acts every bit caput of state and Commander-in-Chief of the armed forces. The President is responsible for implementing and enforcing the laws written by Congress and, to that end, appoints the heads of the federal agencies, including the Chiffonier. The Vice President is also part of the Executive Branch, ready to assume the Presidency should the need arise.

The Cabinet and independent federal agencies are responsible for the 24-hour interval-to-twenty-four hour period enforcement and administration of federal laws. These departments and agencies have missions and responsibilities equally widely divergent equally those of the Department of Defense and the Environmental Protection Agency, the Social Security Administration and the Securities and Exchange Commission.

Including members of the armed services, the Executive Branch employs more than 4 million Americans.

The President | The Vice President
Executive Part of the President | The Chiffonier

The President

The President is both the head of state and caput of government of the United states of America, and Commander-in-Chief of the armed forces.

Under Article Ii of the Constitution, the President is responsible for the execution and enforcement of the laws created by Congress. Fifteen executive departments — each led by an appointed fellow member of the President's Cabinet — carry out the day-to-day administration of the federal government. They are joined in this by other executive agencies such as the CIA and Environmental Protection Agency, the heads of which are not part of the Cabinet, but who are under the full authority of the President. The President also appoints the heads of more than 50 independent federal commissions, such as the Federal Reserve Board or the Securities and Exchange Commission, as well as federal judges, ambassadors, and other federal offices. The Executive Function of the President (EOP) consists of the immediate staff to the President, forth with entities such as the Office of Direction and Budget and the Office of the The states Merchandise Representative.

The President has the power either to sign legislation into law or to veto bills enacted by Congress, although Congress may override a veto with a 2-thirds vote of both houses. The Executive Branch conducts diplomacy with other nations, and the President has the power to negotiate and sign treaties, which also must be ratified by two-thirds of the Senate. The President tin issue executive orders, which direct executive officers or clarify and further existing laws. The President likewise has unlimited ability to extend pardons and clemencies for federal crimes, except in cases of impeachment.

With these powers come up several responsibilities, among them a constitutional requirement to "from fourth dimension to fourth dimension give to the Congress Information of the Land of the Matrimony, and recommend to their Consideration such Measures every bit he shall approximate necessary and expedient." Although the President may fulfill this requirement in any mode he or she chooses, Presidents have traditionally given a Land of the Union accost to a articulation session of Congress each January (except in inaugural years) outlining their calendar for the coming twelvemonth.

The Constitution lists simply three qualifications for the Presidency — the President must be 35 years of age, exist a natural born citizen, and must have lived in the Usa for at least xiv years. And though millions of Americans vote in a presidential election every four years, the President is non, in fact, directly elected by the people. Instead, on the commencement Tuesday in Nov of every fourth year, the people elect the members of the Electoral College. Apportioned by population to the 50 states — one for each member of their congressional delegation (with the District of Columbia receiving 3 votes) — these Electors then bandage the votes for President. There are currently 538 electors in the Electoral College.

President Barack Obama is the 44th President of the United states. He is, yet, just the 43rd person ever to serve as President; President Grover Cleveland served two nonconsecutive terms, and thus is recognized every bit both the 22nd and the 24th President. Today, the President is limited to ii four-yr terms, only until the 22nd Amendment to the Constitution, ratified in 1951, a President could serve an unlimited number of terms. Franklin Delano Roosevelt was elected President four times, serving from 1932 until his decease in 1945; he is the only President ever to have served more than two terms.

By tradition, the President and the First Family live in the White House in Washington, D.C., also the location of the President'due south Oval Office and the offices of the his senior staff. When the President travels past plane, his aircraft is designated Air Strength One; he may besides use a Marine Corps helicopter, known as Marine One while the President is on board. For basis travel, the President uses an armored Presidential limousine.

The Vice President

The principal responsibility of the Vice President of the United States is to be ready at a moment's notice to presume the Presidency if the President is unable to perform his duties. This tin can be considering of the President'southward death, resignation, or temporary incapacitation, or if the Vice President and a bulk of the Cabinet judge that the President is no longer able to belch the duties of the presidency.

The Vice President is elected forth with the President by the Balloter College — each elector casts ane vote for President and some other for Vice President. Before the ratification of the 12th Subpoena in 1804, electors only voted for President, and the person who received the second greatest number of votes became Vice President.

The Vice President also serves as the President of the Us Senate, where he or she casts the deciding vote in the case of a necktie. Except in the case of tiebreaking votes, the Vice President rarely actually presides over the Senate. Instead, the Senate selects ane of their own members, usually junior members of the majority party, to preside over the Senate each mean solar day.

Joseph R. Biden is the 47th Vice President of the United States. Of the 45 previous Vice Presidents, nine have succeeded to the Presidency, and iv accept been elected to the Presidency in their own right. The duties of the Vice President, outside of those enumerated in the Constitution, are at the discretion of the current President. Each Vice President approaches the role differently — some take on a specific policy portfolio, others serve simply as a top adviser to the President.

The Vice President has an office in the West Wing of the White House, as well as in the nearby Eisenhower Executive Office Building. Like the President, he likewise maintains an official residence, at the U.s. Naval Observatory in Northwest Washington, D.C. This peaceful mansion, has been the official home of the Vice President since 1974 — previously, Vice Presidents had lived in their own private residences. The Vice President too has his own limousine, operated by the United States Secret Service, and flies on the same aircraft the President uses — but when the Vice President is aboard, the craft are referred to equally Air Force Two and Marine Two.

Executive Function of the President

Every mean solar day, the President of the United States is faced with scores of decisions, each with important consequences for America's future. To provide the President with the back up that he or she needs to govern effectively, the Executive Office of the President (EOP) was created in 1939 by President Franklin D. Roosevelt. The EOP has responsibleness for tasks ranging from communicating the President'due south message to the American people to promoting our trade interests away.

The EOP, overseen past the White House Chief of Staff, has traditionally been abode to many of the President'due south closest directorate. While Senate confirmation is required for some directorate, such equally the Director of the Office of Direction and Upkeep, near are appointed with full Presidential discretion. The individual offices that these advisors oversee have grown in size and number since the EOP was created. Some were formed by Congress, others equally the President has needed them — they are constantly shifting as each President identifies his needs and priorities, with the current EOP employing over 1,800 people.

Perhaps the most visible parts of the EOP are the White House Communications Office and Press Secretary's Function. The Printing Secretary provides daily briefings for the media on the President'due south activities and agenda. Less visible to about Americans is the National Security Quango, which advises the President on foreign policy, intelligence, and national security.

There are also a number of offices responsible for the practicalities of maintaining the White Firm and providing logistical support for the President. These include the White House Armed services Office, which is responsible for services ranging from Air Force I to the dining facilities, and the Part of Presidential Advance, which prepares sites remote from the White Firm for the President'southward inflow.

Many senior advisors in the EOP piece of work near the President in the West Wing of the White Firm. All the same, the majority of the staff is housed in the Eisenhower Executive Office Edifice, just a few steps abroad and part of the White House compound.

The Cabinet

The Cabinet is an informational torso made up of the heads of the 15 executive departments. Appointed by the President and confirmed by the Senate, the members of the Cabinet are oft the President's closest confidants. In addition to running major federal agencies, they play an of import office in the Presidential line of succession — after the Vice President, Speaker of the Firm, and Senate President pro tempore, the line of succession continues with the Cabinet offices in the order in which the departments were created. All the members of the Chiffonier take the title Secretarial assistant, excepting the caput of the Justice Department, who is styled Attorney Full general.

Department of Agriculture

The U.South. Section of Agronomics (USDA) develops and executes policy on farming, agriculture, and food. Its aims include meeting the needs of farmers and ranchers, promoting agronomical trade and product, assuring nutrient safety, protecting natural resource, fostering rural communities, and catastrophe hunger in America and abroad.

The USDA employs more than 100,000 employees and has an annual budget of approximately $95 billion. It consists of 17 agencies, including the Animal and Constitute Health Inspection Service, the Food and Nutrition Service, and the Woods Service. The bulk of the department's budget goes towards mandatory programs that provide services required past police, such as programs designed to provide diet assistance, promote agricultural exports, and conserve our environment. The USDA also plays an important office in overseas aid programs past providing surplus foods to developing countries.

The Us Secretary of Agronomics administers the USDA.

Section of Commerce

The Department of Commerce is the government agency tasked with improving living standards for all Americans past promoting economic development and technological innovation.

The department supports U.S. business organization and industry through a number of services, including gathering economical and demographic data, issuing patents and trademarks, improving understanding of the surroundings and oceanic life, and ensuring the effective employ of scientific and technical resources. The bureau also formulates telecommunications and technology policy, and promotes U.South. exports by profitable and enforcing international trade agreements.

The Secretary of Commerce oversees a $6.five billion budget and approximately 38,000 employees.

Department of Defence

The mission of the Section of Defence force (DOD) is to provide the military forces needed to deter war and to protect the security of our country. The section's headquarters is at the Pentagon.

The DOD consists of the Departments of the Army, Navy, and Air Force, equally well as many agencies, offices, and commands, including the Joint Chiefs of Staff, the Pentagon Force Protection Agency, the National Security Agency, and the Defense Intelligence Agency. The DOD occupies the vast majority of the Pentagon building in Arlington, VA.

The Department of Defense is the largest government agency, with more than than 1.3 one thousand thousand men and women on active duty, nearly 700,000 noncombatant personnel, and ane.i million citizens who serve in the National Baby-sit and Reserve forces. Together, the military and civilian artillery of DOD protect national interests through state of war-fighting, providing humanitarian aid, and performing peacekeeping and disaster relief services.

Section of Instruction

The mission of the Department of Education is to promote student achievement and preparation for competition in a global economic system by fostering educational excellence and ensuring equal access to educational opportunity.

The Department administers federal fiscal aid for teaching, collects data on America'due south schools to guide improvements in education quality, and works to complement the efforts of country and local governments, parents, and students.

The U.S. Secretarial assistant of Teaching oversees the Department'south 4,200 employees and $68.6 billion budget.

Department of Energy

The mission of the Department of Energy (DOE) is to advance the national, economic, and energy security of the United States.

The DOE promotes America'south energy security by encouraging the development of reliable, make clean, and affordable energy. It administers federal funding for scientific inquiry to farther the goal of discovery and innovation — ensuring American economic competitiveness and improving the quality of life for Americans.

The DOE is also tasked with ensuring America'southward nuclear security, and with protecting the environment by providing a responsible resolution to the legacy of nuclear weapons production.

The United States Secretary of Energy oversees a budget of approximately $23 billion and more than than 100,000 federal and contract employees.

Department of Wellness and Human Services

The Department of Health and Homo Services (HHS) is the The states government'due south principal agency for protecting the wellness of all Americans and providing essential homo services, particularly for those who are least able to help themselves. Agencies of HHS conduct wellness and social science research, work to prevent affliction outbreaks, clinch food and drug safety, and provide health insurance.

In addition to administering Medicare and Medicaid, which together provide health insurance to ane in four Americans, HHS besides oversees the National Institutes of Health, the Food and Drug Administration, and the Centers for Disease Command.

The Secretarial assistant of Wellness and Human Services oversees a budget of approximately $700 billion and approximately 65,000 employees. The Department's programs are administered by 11 operating divisions, including 8 agencies in the U.S. Public Health Service and 3 human services agencies.

Section of Homeland Security

The missions of the Department of Homeland Security are to foreclose and disrupt terrorist attacks; protect the American people, our disquisitional infrastructure, and central resources; and respond to and recover from incidents that do occur. The third largest Cabinet department, DHS was established by the Homeland Security Human action of 2002, largely in response to the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001. The new section consolidated 22 executive co-operative agencies, including the U.S. Community Service, the U.Due south. Coast Guard, the U.Due south. Underground Service, the Transportation Security Administration, and the Federal Emergency Management Bureau.

DHS employs 216,000 people in its mission to patrol borders, protect travelers and our transportation infrastructure, enforce immigration laws, and respond to disasters and emergencies. The bureau also promotes preparedness and emergency prevention amid citizens. Policy is coordinated by the Homeland Security Council at the White Business firm, in cooperation with other defense and intelligence agencies, and led by the Assistant to the President for Homeland Security.

Department of Housing and Urban Development

The Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) is the federal agency responsible for national policies and programs that address America's housing needs, that improve and develop the nation's communities, and that enforce off-white housing laws. The Department plays a major role in supporting homeownership for lower- and moderate-income families through its mortgage insurance and hire subsidy programs.

Offices inside HUD include the Federal Housing Administration, which provides mortgage and loan insurance; the Office of Off-white Housing and Equal Opportunity, which ensures all Americans equal access to the housing of their choice; and the Community Development Cake Grant Plan, which helps communities with economical development, job opportunities, and housing rehabilitation. HUD also administers public housing and homeless assistance.

The Secretarial assistant of Housing and Urban Development oversees approximately ix,000 employees on a budget of approximately $forty billion.

Section of the Interior

The Department of the Interior (DOI) is the nation's chief conservation agency. Its mission is to protect America'south natural resource, offer recreation opportunities, carry scientific research, conserve and protect fish and wild animals, and honor our trust responsibilities to American Indians, Alaskan Natives, and our responsibilities to island communities.

DOI manages 500 meg acres of surface country, or about 1-fifth of the state in the United States, and manages hundreds of dams and reservoirs. Agencies inside the DOI include the Bureau of Indian Affairs, the Minerals Direction Service, and the U.S. Geological Survey. The DOI manages the national parks and is tasked with protecting endangered species.

The Secretarial assistant of the Interior oversees about 70,000 employees and 200,000 volunteers on a budget of approximately $xvi billion. Every year it raises billions in acquirement from energy, mineral, grazing, and timber leases, as well every bit recreational permits and land sales.

Section of Justice

The mission of the Department of Justice (DOJ) is to enforce the law and defend the interests of the Usa according to the law; to ensure public safety against threats foreign and domestic; to provide federal leadership in preventing and decision-making crime; to seek just punishment for those guilty of unlawful beliefs; and to ensure fair and impartial assistants of justice for all Americans.

The DOJ is comprised of 40 component organizations, including the Drug Enforcement Assistants, the Federal Bureau of Investigation, the U.S. Marshals, and the Federal Bureau of Prisons. The Attorney General is the head of the DOJ and chief law enforcement officeholder of the federal authorities. The Chaser General represents the United States in legal matters, advises the President and the heads of the executive departments of the government, and occasionally appears in person earlier the Supreme Courtroom.

With a budget of approximately $25 billion, the DOJ is the globe's largest law office and the central agency for the enforcement of federal laws.

Department of Labor

The Section of Labor oversees federal programs for ensuring a strong American workforce. These programs address job training, safe working conditions, minimum hourly wage and overtime pay, employment bigotry, and unemployment insurance.

The Section of Labor's mission is to foster and promote the welfare of the job seekers, wage earners, and retirees of the U.s.a. past improving their working conditions, advancing their opportunities for assisting employment, protecting their retirement and wellness intendance benefits, helping employers discover workers, strengthening complimentary collective bargaining, and tracking changes in employment, prices, and other national economic measurements.

Offices within the Department of Labor include the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the federal government's principal statistics agency for labor economic science, and the Occupational Condom & Health Administration, which promotes the safe and health of America'southward working men and women.

The Secretary of Labor oversees 15,000 employees on a budget of approximately $l billion.

Section of Country

The Section of Land plays the lead role in developing and implementing the President's foreign policy. Major responsibilities include U.s.a. representation abroad, foreign assistance, strange military training programs, countering international crime, and a wide array of services to U.South. citizens and foreign nationals seeking entrance to the U.S.

The U.S. maintains diplomatic relations with approximately 180 countries — each posted by noncombatant U.Southward. Foreign Service employees — likewise every bit with international organizations. At home, more than 5,000 civil employees acquit out the mission of the Section.

The Secretarial assistant of Land serves as the President's top foreign policy adviser, and oversees 30,000 employees and a budget of approximately $35 billion.

Department of Transportation

The mission of the Department of Transportation (DOT) is to ensure a fast, condom, efficient, accessible and convenient transportation arrangement that meets our vital national interests and enhances the quality of life of the American people.

Organizations within the DOT include the Federal Highway Administration, the Federal Aviation Administration, the National Highway Traffic Prophylactic Administration, the Federal Transit Administration, the Federal Railroad Assistants and the Maritime Administration.

The U.S. Secretarial assistant of Transportation oversees approximately 55,000 employees and a budget of approximately $70 billion.

Department of the Treasury

The Department of the Treasury is responsible for promoting economical prosperity and ensuring the soundness and security of the U.S. and international financial systems.

The Department operates and maintains systems that are critical to the nation'south financial infrastructure, such as the product of coin and currency, the disbursement of payments to the American public, the collection of taxes, and the borrowing of funds necessary to run the federal government. The Department works with other federal agencies, foreign governments, and international financial institutions to encourage global economic growth, raise standards of living, and, to the extent possible, predict and prevent economical and financial crises. The Treasury Department also performs a critical and far-reaching office in enhancing national security by improving the safeguards of our financial systems, implementing economic sanctions against foreign threats to the U.S., and identifying and targeting the fiscal support networks of national security threats.

The Secretarial assistant of the Treasury oversees a budget of approximately $thirteen billion and a staff of more than than 100,000 employees.

Section of Veterans Affairs

The Department of Veterans Diplomacy is responsible for administering benefit programs for veterans, their families, and their survivors. These benefits include pension, education, inability compensation, dwelling house loans, life insurance, vocational rehabilitation, survivor back up, medical care, and burying benefits. Veterans Affairs became a cabinet-level department in 1989.

Of the 25 million veterans currently alive, nearly three of every four served during a war or an official period of hostility. Virtually a quarter of the nation's population — approximately 70 million people — are potentially eligible for V.A. benefits and services because they are veterans, family unit members, or survivors of veterans.

The Secretarial assistant of Veterans Affairs oversees a budget of approximately $90 billion and a staff of approximately 235,000 employees.

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Source: https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/1600/executive-branch

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